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quarter wave antenna - перевод на греческий
![Feedpoint impedance of (near-) half-wave dipoles versus electrical length in wavelengths. Black: [[radiation resistance]]; blue: reactance for 4 different values of conductor diameter.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/DipoleImpedance.png?width=200 "Feedpoint impedance of (near-) half-wave dipoles versus electrical length in wavelengths. Black: [[radiation resistance]]; blue: reactance for 4 different values of conductor diameter.")
![induced EMF method]], an approximation that breaks down at larger conductor diameters (dashed portion of graph).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/DipoleReductionFactor.jpg?width=200 "induced EMF method]], an approximation that breaks down at larger conductor diameters (dashed portion of graph).")
![Q factor]] that the feed voltage is much smaller in relation to the standing wave. Since the antenna is fed at its resonant frequency, the input voltage is in phase with the current (blue bar), so the antenna presents a pure resistance to the feedline. The energy from the driving current provides the energy radiated as radio waves. In a receiving antenna the phase of the voltage at the transmission line would be reversed, since the receiver absorbs energy from the antenna.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dipole antenna standing waves animation 6 - 5fps.gif?width=200 "Q factor]] that the feed voltage is much smaller in relation to the standing wave. Since the antenna is fed at its resonant frequency, the input voltage is in phase with the current (blue bar), so the antenna presents a pure resistance to the feedline. The energy from the driving current provides the energy radiated as radio waves. In a receiving antenna the phase of the voltage at the transmission line would be reversed, since the receiver absorbs energy from the antenna.")
![Dipole antenna used by the [[radar altimeter]] in an airplane](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dipole radar altimeter antenna.jpg?width=200 "Dipole antenna used by the [[radar altimeter]] in an airplane")
![Animated diagram of a [[half-wave dipole]] antenna receiving a radio wave. The antenna consists of two metal rods connected to a receiver ''R''. The [[electric field]] ''(<span style="color:green;">E, green arrows</span>)'' of the incoming wave pushes the [[electron]]s in the rods back and forth, charging the ends alternately positive ''<span style="color:red;">(+)</span>'' and negative ''<span style="color:blue;">(−)</span>''. Since the length of the antenna is one half the [[wavelength]] of the wave, the oscillating field induces [[standing wave]]s of voltage ''(<span style="color:red;">V, represented by red band</span>)'' and current in the rods. The oscillating currents ''(black arrows)'' flow down the transmission line and through the receiver (represented by the resistance ''R'').](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dipole receiving antenna animation 6 800x394x150ms.gif?width=200 "Animated diagram of a [[half-wave dipole]] antenna receiving a radio wave. The antenna consists of two metal rods connected to a receiver ''R''. The [[electric field]] ''(<span style=\"color:green;\">E, green arrows</span>)'' of the incoming wave pushes the [[electron]]s in the rods back and forth, charging the ends alternately positive ''<span style=\"color:red;\">(+)</span>'' and negative ''<span style=\"color:blue;\">(−)</span>''. Since the length of the antenna is one half the [[wavelength]] of the wave, the oscillating field induces [[standing wave]]s of voltage ''(<span style=\"color:red;\">V, represented by red band</span>)'' and current in the rods. The oscillating currents ''(black arrows)'' flow down the transmission line and through the receiver (represented by the resistance ''R'').")
!["Rabbit-ears" VHF [[television antenna]] (the small loop is a separate UHF antenna).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rabbit-ears dipole antenna with UHF loop 20090204.jpg?width=200 "\"Rabbit-ears\" VHF [[television antenna]] (the small loop is a separate UHF antenna).")
![A [[reflective array antenna]] for radar consisting of numerous dipoles fed in-phase (thus realizing a ''broadside array'') in front of a large reflector (horizontal wires) to make it uni-directional.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/SCR-270 Radar Antenna2.jpg?width=200 "A [[reflective array antenna]] for radar consisting of numerous dipoles fed in-phase (thus realizing a ''broadside array'') in front of a large reflector (horizontal wires) to make it uni-directional.")
![UTR-2]] radio telescope. The 8 m by 1.8 m diameter galvanized steel wire dipoles have a bandwidth of 8–33 MHz.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/UTR-2 - P3094042 (wiki).jpg?width=200 "UTR-2]] radio telescope. The 8 m by 1.8 m diameter galvanized steel wire dipoles have a bandwidth of 8–33 MHz.")
![base station]] antennas](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/6 sector site in CDMA.jpg?width=200 "base station]] antennas")
![Typical center-loaded mobile CB antenna with [[loading coil]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CB antenna.jpg?width=200 "Typical center-loaded mobile CB antenna with [[loading coil]]")
![An automobile's [[whip antenna]], a common example of an omnidirectional antenna.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Car radio antenna extended portrait.jpeg?width=200 "An automobile's [[whip antenna]], a common example of an omnidirectional antenna.")
![Diagram of the [[electric field]]s (''<span style="color:blue;">'''blue'''</span>'') and [[magnetic field]]s (''<span style="color:red;">'''red'''</span>'') radiated by a [[dipole antenna]] ('' '''black''' rods'') during transmission.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Felder um Dipol.jpg?width=200 "Diagram of the [[electric field]]s (''<span style=\"color:blue;\">'''blue'''</span>'') and [[magnetic field]]s (''<span style=\"color:red;\">'''red'''</span>'') radiated by a [[dipole antenna]] ('' '''black''' rods'') during transmission.")
 by night under the Magellanic Clouds.jpg?width=200 "df=dmy-all}}</ref>")
Определение
Википедия
A monopole antenna is a class of radio antenna consisting of a straight rod-shaped conductor, often mounted perpendicularly over some type of conductive surface, called a ground plane. The driving signal from the transmitter is applied, or for receiving antennas the output signal to the receiver is taken, between the lower end of the monopole and the ground plane. One side of the antenna feedline is attached to the lower end of the monopole, and the other side is attached to the ground plane, which is often the Earth. This contrasts with a dipole antenna which consists of two identical rod conductors, with the signal from the transmitter applied between the two halves of the antenna.
The monopole is often used as a resonant antenna. The rod functions as an open resonator for radio waves and oscillates with standing waves of voltage and current along its length. The length of the antenna, therefore, is determined based on the wavelength of the desired radio waves. The most common form is the quarter-wave monopole, in which the antenna length is approximately one quarter of the wavelength of the radio waves. In broadcasting monopole antennas, however, a length equal to 5/8 = 0.625×wavelength are also popular because at this length a monopole radiates a maximum amount of its power in horizontal directions. The monopole antenna was invented in 1895 by radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi; for this reason it is sometimes called the Marconi antenna.
The load impedance of the quarter-wave monopole is half that of the dipole antenna or 37.5 Ohms.
Common types of monopole antenna are
